What is a squat?

Squats have always provided a venue for alternative lifestyles and experiments in artistic creation, but in recent times, an increasing number of squatters in Paris and Berlin have succeeded in transforming illegally occupied spaces into legal art galleries and respectable cultural centres. Could this benevolent trend herald the end of squatting as we know it?

9 September. At 59 Rue Rivoli, a street which is bang in the centre of Paris, a group of people have gathered in front of a freshly refurbished building. After three years of renovation work by Paris city hall, owner of the building since 2002, the highly decorated façade of the most famous Parisian squat has been given an insignificant Haussmannian facelift. But you can just about make out the word "Aftersquat" beneath the paint. At the opening ceremony Gaspard Delanoë, president of the artists collective 59 Rivoli, is reassuring those complaining that the place is now looking somewhat too conventional. "Come back in six months!" he says. "Things will have changed!"
Artists in squat residence
Squatters - the term doesn’t quite fit. The Paris municipality is now renting the building to a group of artists for 130 euros a month as they do in several similar places. It’s a subtle difference that some feel needs clarification. "We aren’t squatters," insist the artists from Frigo, a squat which lies in the 13th arrondissement, in the south of Paris. "We pay rent to the city." Another artist from 59 Rivoli rolls a cigarette. "We have to evolve because times are changing. From being 'illegal' and 'underground' we have become 'alternative'," he explains. If these changes are constructive from an artistic point of view, the general public seems to be left out. There’s no question of just popping in for a coffee or a beer unless there’s an exhibition on, unlike other, more accessible and participative concepts, such as La Suite in the 13th district. Here, the "Grooms collective" welcome workshops and a variety of good initiatives.
Squats depend on each other in this city. When one is threatened, it’s the whole community that reacts. "We are still running thanks to the Stock Exchange (Bourse) site, which has since been closed down," continues the 59 Rivoli artist as he finishes his cigarette. "And if La Suite is still up and running, it’s due partly to our efforts." The battle continues to be waged. ‘We shall continue to squat and invest in unoccupied buildings to set up art hives wherever possible," promises Gaspard Delanoë. "The reopening of 59 Rivoli is a step in the right direction for artists."

Other squats to check out
Paint and beer run together in the tagged and run down site of the Tacheles arthouse in the Oranienburgerstrasse in an orderly fashion, turning it into a seductive art complex for clients. Today, the former department store, which was taken over by the Nazis in 1934, is a temple for alternative culture. It has become a must for tourists with roughly 300,000 visitors a year, much to the evident satisfaction of the Tacheles Artists Initative, who have ‘squatted’ the building since 1990 and currently rent the site for 180 euros (£162) a month.
Within 20 years, the Berlin that embarrassed has progressively settled down. In the eighties, while the German authorities had other priorities than squatters to deal with, younger generations took advantage of the situation and stepped in to extend their activities. Berlin was the right place at the right time for the opening of roughly 160 art squats. Taking Amsterdam's lead, the municipality, has bought up and rented out the sites at low cost. In basements and backyards, communities continue to meet and thrive on localities that hold a strong bonding dimension, as with the punks at Köpi, a site running that 1990 and has a bar, concert hall and a cinema. This change of policy doesn’t apply everywhere. The former hat factory founded in 1917, was reopened in May 2008. The site was a hive of activity with weekly meetings, a reception and initiatives ranging from capoeira lessons on Mondays, theme cinema Tuesdays and lunches on Saturdays. However, in June 2009, the police evacuated the site. Negotiations are still going on between the owner, the municipality and those involved on the site.

Πηγή: presseurop.eu